Beginner level · Module 5: Business Analytics Cases · Lesson 2 of 3
NGO Programme Case
Analyse a programme's performance using output and outcome indicators.
In this lesson you will
- Distinguish outputs and outcomes
- Assess programme performance against targets
Key concepts
outputs and outcomestargetscoveragedata limitations
The lesson
NGO programmes track outputs (trainings held, kits distributed) and outcomes (skills gained, income increased). Outputs are easier to count; outcomes show whether the programme works.
A livelihoods programme met its training targets but only 40% of trainees started businesses. Analysis looks at which groups and locations did better and why.
State data limits honestly — outcome surveys may reach only some trainees.
Step by step
- Classify the programme's indicators as outputs or outcomes.
- Compare against targets.
- Segment outcomes by group and location.
- Recommend improvements.
Practice activity
Write the programme performance summary for the NGO case.
Expected result: A summary that distinguishes outputs from outcomes and states data limits.
Check your understanding
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Is 'number of trainings held' an output or an outcome?
Show answer
An output.
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Why do outcomes matter more than outputs?
Show answer
They show whether the programme actually changes people's situations.
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